Friday, September 21, 2018
MICROSOFT EXCEL
MICROSOFT EXCEL
MEMBINA LEMBARAN KERJA
· Cara-cara Menamakan Helaian Baru
1. Klik pada format.
2. Skrol ke Organize Sheets.
3. Klik pada Rename Sheets.
4. Taipkan nama MAKLUMAT PELAJAR.
5. Tekan Enter.
· Menukar Saiz Lajur
Menggunakan Menu Bar
1. Klik Format.
2. Skrol ke Column-Width.
3. Ubah saiz lajur tersebut dengan memasukkan saiz baharu.
4. Klik ok.
Menggunakan 'Mouse Pointer'
1. Letakkakn kursor pada lajur A.
2. Gerakkan mouse pointer supaya berada di garisan antara lajur A dan B sehingga muncul tanda <->, klik dan heret ke kiri atau ke kanan untuk menukar saiz lajur.
· Menyelit Lajur atau Baris
1. Letakkan kursor pada lajur atau baris yang dikendaki.
2. Pilih Insert, dan skrol ke Insert Sheet Columns.
HELAIAN KERJA : KEHADIRAN PELAJAR
· Membina helaian kerja KEHADIRAN
1. Buka helaian baharu dan berikan nama KEHADIRAN.
2. Pilih Insert, dan skrol ke Insert Sheet.
3. Dalam helaian 'KEHADIRAN', bina senarai nama dan bil murid.
· Membina pautan data (Link)
1. Klik pada sel B1.
2. Taipkan tanda '='.
3. Klik pada helaian 'MAKLUMAT PELAJAR'.
4. Klik pada 'Nama Pelajar' dan tekan Enter.
5. Kembali semula pada helaian 'KEHADIRAN', dan lihat kepada lajur 'Nama Pelajar'.
6. Klik pada hujung kotak sel B1 dan heret ke sel B2 dan sehingga kepada B31.
· Mengisi nombor menggunakan Autofill
1. Klik sel A2, taipkan 1 dan klik sel A3 taipkan 2.
2. Highlightkan sel A2 dan A3.
3. Klik pada hujung kotak sel A3 dan heret sehingga ke baris data terakhir.
HELAIAN KERJA : MARKAH
· Membina helaian kerja MARKAH
1. Buka helaian baharu dan berikan nama MARKAH.
2. Bina satu jadual markah.
3. Masukkan 'Bil' dan 'Nama Pelajar'.
4. Taipkan nama bagi setiap mata pelajaran yang diambil oleh pelajar dan taipkan 'Gred' di sebelah lajur nama mata pelajaran.
5. Masukkan markah tahunan pada mata pelajaran.
· Menggunakan Validation
1. Klik pada sel C2.
2. Pada Menu Bar, klik Data.
3. Klik Data Validation.
4. Pada Allow pilih Whole Number.
5. Pada Data pilih less than or equal to dan taip 100 (jular markah 0-100 sahaja).
6. Tekan ok.
7. Ulang langkah di atas untuk setiap mata pelajaran yang lain.
8. Sekiranya tersilap memasukkan nilai melebihi julat, skrin kesalahan akan dipaparkan.
9. Simpan fail kerja.
HELAIAN KERJA : MARKAH DAN GRED
· Membina Gred menggunaan VLOOKUP
1. Bina helaian 'Gred'.
2. Bina jadual Skala Gred. Pastikan skala disusun dari nilai rendah ke tinggi, jika sebaliknya, formula VLOOKUP akan memaparkan gred yang salah.
3. Klik pada helaian MARKAH.
4. Kilk pada kotak D2 untuk mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu.
5. Pada Menu Bar, klik
6. Klik Fx Insert Function dan pada or select category pilih Lookup & Reference.
7. Pada kotak select a function pilih VLOOKUP.
8. Klik ok.
9. Kotak Function Arguments bagi VLOOKUP akan terpapar.
10. Pada Lookup-Value, klik pada C2 iaitu markah yang hendak diberikan gred.
11. Klik pada Table-array, pilih helaian 'Gred' dan highlightkan pada sel yang mempunyai jadual skala ged.Untuk menetapkan bahawa kita merujuk kepada julat ini sahaja, tambahkan simbol $ seperti berikut B$:C$15.
12. Klik pada col_index_num dan taipkan 2 iaitu bermaksud ruang atau nilai yang hendak dikembalikan kepada lajur nanti.
13. Pada Range_Lookup taipkan True.
14. Setelah selesai, formula =VLOOKUP(C2,Gred!B$:C$15,2,TRUE) akan terbentuk di sel aktif.
15. Klik pada hujung sel D2 dan heret ke sel D31 untuk disalin ke sel lain.
16. Masukkan formula VLOOKUP untuk mata pelajaran yang lain.
· Menggunakan COUNTIF
1. Salinkan skala gred dan letakkan pada kotak sel lain.
2. Klik pada D33.
3. Pada Menu Bar, klik Formulas.
4. Klik Fx Insert Function dan pada or select a category pilih Statistical.
5. Pada kotak select a function pilih COUNTIF dan klik OK.
6. Kotak Function Arguments bagi COUNTIF akan terpapar.
7. Pada Range pilih D2 hingga D31 iaitu gred yang telah dibina seperti sebelumnya. Untuk menetapkan bahawa kita merujuk kepada julat ini sahaja, tambahkan simbol $ seperti berikut D$:D$31.
8. Pada Criteria, taipkan 'TH' merujuk pada skala gred yang dikehendaki dan klik OK.
9. Formula =COUNTIF(D$2:D$31,"TH") akan terbentuk di sel aktif..
10. Ulang langkah yang sama tetapi ubah di Criteria seperti yang dikendaki.
11. Masukkan formula COUNTIF untuk mata pelajaran yang lain. Pastikan Range data mengikut sel yang dikendaki.
· Menggunakan SUM Σ ( Jumlah) Mengira jumlah bilangan skala gred untuk memastikan ia sama dengan jumlah pelajar yang mengambil mata pelajaran tersebut.
1. Klik pada D44.
2. Pada Menu Bar, klik Formulas.
3. Pilih ΣAuto Sum.
4. Automatik sel D33 hingga D34 dihighlightkan dan tekan Enter.
5. Jumlah akan dipaparkan merujuk kepada jumlah bilangan skala gred yang dikira bersamaan dengan jumlah pelajar.
HELAIAN KERJA : CARTA PRESTASI
· Membina graf atau carta
1. Pada Menu Bar, klik Insert.
2. Klik Column, pilih 2-D Cloumn (Clustered Column).
3. Carta Column akan terpapar.
4. Pindahkan carta itu ke helaian kerja 'Graf' dengan klik 'Move Chart' dan klik ok.
· Mengubah tajuk Series pada graf atau carta
1. Pada helaian kerja 'Graf' klik pada carta yang telah dipindahkan.
2. Klik Menu Bar Design.
3. Pilih Select Data.
4. Pada kotak Legend Entries (Series) klik pada Series dan klik Edit.
5. Taipkan Bahasa Melayu dan klik OK.
· Mengubah jenis graf atau carta
1. Pada helaian kerja 'Graf' klik pada carta Bahasa Melayu.
2. Klik Menu Bar Design dan pilih Change Chart Type.
3. Kotak Change Chart Type terpapar.
4. Pilih carta jenis Clustered Cylinder dan klik ok.
· Memasukkan tajuk Axis
1. Pada helaian kerja 'Graf' klik pada carta Bahasa Melayu.
2. Klik Menu Bar Layout dan pilih Axis Tittles.
3. Skrol pada Primary Horizontal Axis Tittle dan Tittle Below Axis.
4. Tajuk Axis Tittle terpapar pada bahagian bawah paksi mendatar.
5. Tukar nama Axis Tittle kepada Gred.
6. Pilih Axis Tittle semula.
7. Skrol pada Primary Vertical Axis Tittle dan Rotate Tittle.
8. Tukar nama Axis Tittle kepada Bilangan Pelajar.
9. Klik pada tajuk carta dan taipkan Bilangan Gred Bahasa Melayu.
· Memasukkan label data
1. Pada helaian kerja 'Graf' klik pada carta Bahasa Melayu.
2. Klik Menu Bar Layout dan pilih Data Labels.
3. Pilih Show.
4. Label data akan dimasukkan.
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4 : PROGRAMS AND APP
Objectives Overview :
· Identify the general categories of programs and apps
· Describe how an operating system interacts with applications and hardware
· Differentiate among the ways you can acquire program and apps
· Identify key features of productivity applications
· Identify the key features of graphics and multimedia applications
Programs, Software and Apps :
· Program – A set of instructions telling a computer what to do
· Software – The programs and other operating information used by a computer. Software can be made up of more than one program. All-encompassing term that is often used in contrast to hardware
· Application – A program or group of programs that is designed for the end user. Application software cannot run on itself but is dependent on system software to execute
v All applications are program, but a program is not necessarily an application. For example, there are always lots of programs running on the background of an operating system, but since they weren’t developed for the end-user, they are not applications.
Operating System :
An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware : -
Productivity Applications :
With productivity applications, users often : -
ü Create a project
ü Edit a project
ü Format a project
ü Save a project
ü Distribute a project
· Word processing software allows users to create and manipulate documents
· Clip art is a collection of drawings, photos and other images
· Presentation software allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, message and other information to a group
· Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations
· A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval and use of that data – Database software allows users to create, access and manage a database
· The difference between Spreadsheet and Database : -
Spreadsheet
|
Database
|
Tabulate data and create graphs based on the data
|
Stored data so that can be retrieved by users
|
Hold a less amount of data
|
Hold a large amount of data
|
Too much data is simply impractical in a single spreadsheet as it becomes more difficult for a person to edit it
|
Not edited directly by people as there are other applications that are meant to enter new data or modify the contents
|
Usually used for presentations and paperworks
|
Commonly used in cases where a lot of data needs to stored and tracked
|
· Note taking software is an application that enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings or sketches anywhere on a page
· Calendar and contact management software is an application that helps you organize your calendar, keep track of contacts and share this information with other devices or users
· A software suits is a collection of individual programs available together as a unit. (Microsoft Office)
· Project management software is an application that allows a user to plan, schedule, track and analyse the event, resources and costs of a project
· Accounting software is an application that helps businesses of all sizes record and report their financial transactions
· Personal finance software is a simplified accounting application that helps home users and small/home office users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personel income and expenses, verify account balances, transfer funds, track investments and evaluate financial plans
· Legal software is an application that assists in the preparation of legal documents and provides legal information to individuals, families and small businesses
· Allows users to create contracts and legal forms, pelan an estate, and negotiate other types of life changes that require legally binding documents
· Tax preparation software is an application that can guide individuals, families or small businesses through the process of filing federal taxes
· A large organization, commonly referred to as an enterprise, requires special computing solutions because of its and geographic distribution
ü Human resources software
ü Accounting software
ü Engineering or product development software
ü Manufacturing software
ü Marketing software
ü Sales software
ü Distribution software
ü Customer service software
ü Software for information technology staff
Graphics and Media Software :
Ø Computer-aided design (CAD) software
Ø Desktop publishing software
Ø Paint/Image editing software
Ø Photo editing software
Ø Clip Art / Image Gallery
Ø Video and audio editing software
· A media player is a program that allows you to view images and animations, listen to audio and watch video files on your computer or mobile device
· Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio and video files on a recordable or rewritable disc
- Blogging
- Browsing
- Chat Room
- Discussion Forum
- Email
- Instant Messaging
- Videoconference
- VoIP
- Web Feeds
- Wireless Messaging
Security Tools :
· A personal firewall is a security tool that detects and protects a personel computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions
· An antivirus program protects computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media or on incoming files
· Spyware is a program placed on a computer or mobile device without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user and then communicates the information it collects to some outside source while the user is online
· Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on webpages, email messages or other Internet services
· Spyware & adware remover is a program that detects and deletes spyware, adware and similar programs
File and Disk Management Tools :
· A file manager is a tool that performs functions related to file management
· A search tool is a program, usually included with an operating system, that attempts to locate a file on your computer or mobile device based on criteria you specify
· An image viewer is a tool that allows users to display, copy and print the contents of a graphics file, such as photo
· An uninstaller is a tool that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files
· A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes unnecessary files
· A disk defragmenter is a tool that reorganizes that files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster
· A screen saver is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time
· A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s)
Summary :
v Programs and apps available for computers and mobile devices
v Role of the operating system and the various ways software is distributed
v Features of a variety od applications
v Communications applications
v Security tools and file and disk management tools
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
