CHAPTER 2

Chapter 2 : The Internet

The Internet - worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses,
                           government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

1. The Evolution Of Internet

The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

i.  Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information
                   and work  together.
ii.  Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by
                    a disaster.

 How To Connect to The Internet ?

Wired	Wireless
Computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communications device. Example : - Cable Internet Service - Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Fiber To The Premises (FTTP)	Computers without a communications device can use a wireless modem such as : - Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) - Mobile Broadband - Fixed wireless - Satellite Internet Service

Source to get the Internet

1. Cybercafe	-  Provides internet access as a fee.
2. Hot spot	– Wireless network provide Internet for computer and mobile device.
3. Internet Service Provider	- A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.

 How To Access The Internet ?

  

To access the internet we must know this term :

· IP address - sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet

· Domain name - text-based name that corresponds to the IP address

· DNS server - translates the domain name into its associated IP address

 

2. The Web

• The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages)

• A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items

• A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer

Part of webpages :

Parts	Function
Browser	- An application that enables to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
Home page	- The first page that a website displays
Desktop browsers	- Typically support tabbed browsing
Web address or URL ( refer to picture 1)	- a unique address at webpage.

 

Picture 2 : Web Server

Parts of Web Server :  

Parts	Function
Web app	- An application stored on a web server that you access through a browser.
Web app hosts	- Provide storage for users’ data and information on their servers, known as cloud storage

3. Various Types Of Websites

Websites consists of 13 types :-

Types	Example
Online social network	- Facebook , Instagram , Twitter
Informational	- Wikipedia
Media sharing and bookmarking sites
News, weather, sports, and other mass media	- BH News Online ,
Educational	- Youtube
Business, Governmental, and Organizational
Blogs
Wikis
Health and Science
Entertainment	- Youtube
Financial	- Online Banking
Travel and Mapping	- Google Maps , Waze
Shopping and Auctions	- Zalora.com , Shoppe , Lazada
Portals	- University Portals

Media on Web

Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with :

- Graphics	- Digital representation of non-text information include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF
- Animation	- The appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence
- Audio	- Includes music, speech, or any other sound
- Video	- Images displayed in motion
- Virtual Reality	- The use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space

4. Other Service That Available On The Internet

Service	Function
Email	- The transmission of messages and files via a computer network - Allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages
Instant messaging (IM)	- A real-time Internet communications service
Chat	- Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile device
Chat room	- Website or application that permits users to chat with others who are online at the same time
Discussion forum	- An online area in which users have written discussions
VoIP (Voice over IP)	- Enables users to speak to other users over the Internet (viber, whatapp, skype)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)	- An Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to or from other computers on the Internet

5. Netiqque

• The code of acceptable Internet behavior

1. The Emoticon - to express feelings

2. The Acronyms – To shorter the words , e.g. TYVM , NTMY

3. Code that usually use in game or ending to a movie program.